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I-Interferon luphawu olufihliweyo yintsholongwane kwinzala yomzimba ukuze kusebenze amajoni omzimba, kwaye ngumgca wokuzikhusela kwintsholongwane.Udidi lwe-interferon (ezifana ne-alpha kunye ne-beta) ziye zaphononongwa amashumi eminyaka njengamachiza okuthomalalisa iintsholongwane.Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-interferon receptors lubonakaliswa kwizicubu ezininzi, ngoko ke ulawulo lwe-interferon yohlobo lwe-I kulula ukukhokelela ekuphenduleni ngokugqithisileyo kwe-immune response response, okubangelwa uchungechunge lwemiphumo emibi.Umahluko kukuba uhlobo lwe-III interferon (λ) receptors lubonakaliswa kuphela kwizicubu ze-epithelial kunye neeseli ezithile zokuzivikela, njengemiphunga, indlela yokuphefumula, amathumbu, kunye nesibindi, apho i-coronavirus yenoveli isebenza khona, ngoko ke i-interferon λ ineempembelelo ezimbalwa.I-PEG-λ iguqulwa yi-polyethylene glycol ngesiseko se-interferon yemvelo λ, kwaye ixesha layo lokujikeleza egazini lide kakhulu kune-interferon yendalo.Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba i-PEG-λ inomsebenzi we-antiviral obanzi

Kwangoko ngo-Epreli ka-2020, izazinzulu zeNational Cancer Institute (NCI) e-United States, iKing's College yaseLondon e-United Kingdom kunye namanye amaziko ophando apapasha izimvo kwi-J Exp Med ecebisa izifundo zeklinikhi usebenzisa i-interferon λ ukunyanga i-Covid-19.URaymond T. Chung, umlawuli weZiko leHepatobiliary eMassachusetts General Hospital eUnited States, ukwabhengeze ngoMeyi ukuba uvavanyo lwezonyango oluqalwe ngumphandi luza kuqhutywa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-PEG-λ ngokuchasene ne-Covid-19.

Ulingo lwezonyango lwenqanaba lesi-2 lubonise ukuba i-PEG-λ inokunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wentsholongwane egazini kwizigulana ezine-COVID-19 [5,6].Ngomhla we-9 kaFebruwari, ngo-2023, iNew England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) yapapasha iziphumo zenqanaba lesithathu lolingo oluguquguqukayo lweqonga elibizwa TOGETHER, elikhokelwa ngabaphengululi baseBrazil naseCanada, elithe lavavanya ngakumbi ifuthe lonyango le-PEG-λ kwizigulana ze-COVID-19. [7].

Izigulana zangaphandle ezibonisa iimpawu ze-Covid-19 ezibukhali kwaye zinikezela ngeentsuku ezisi-7 zokuvela kweempawu zafunyanwa i-PEG-λ (inaliti enye engaphantsi kwesikhumba, 180 μg) okanye i-placebo (inaliti enye okanye yomlomo).Isiphumo esisisiseko esiyintlanganisela yayikukulaliswa esibhedlele (okanye ukuthunyelwa kwisibhedlele senqanaba lesithathu) okanye utyelelo lwesebe longxamiseko lwe-Covid-19 phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-28 zokungakhethi buso (uqwalaselo> iiyure ezi-6).

Inoveli coronavirus iye yaguquka ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka.Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuba i-PEG-λ inefuthe lonyango kwiinoveli ezahlukeneyo ze-coronavirus.Iqela lenze uhlalutyo lweqela elingaphantsi leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane ezosulele izigulana kolu vavanyo, kubandakanya i-Omicron, iDelta, iAlpha, kunye neGamma.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba i-PEG-λ yayisebenza kuzo zonke izigulana ezosulelwe koku kwahluka, kwaye eyona isebenzayo kwizigulana ezosulelwe yi-Omicron.

Ngokumalunga nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini, i-PEG-λ yayinempembelelo yonyango ebaluleke ngakumbi kwizigulane ezinomthamo wentsholongwane wentsholongwane ophezulu wesiseko, ngelixa kungekho siphumo esibalulekileyo sonyango esibonwe kwizigulane ezinomthamo wentsholongwane ophantsi.Oku kusebenza kusebenza phantse kulingane nePfizer's Paxlovid (Nematovir/Ritonavir).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-Paxlovid ilawulwa ngomlomo kunye neepilisi ezi-3 kabini ngosuku ngeentsuku ezi-5.I-PEG-λ, kwelinye icala, ifuna kuphela inaliti enye ye-subcutaneous ukufezekisa ukusebenza okufanayo njenge-Paxlovid, ngoko inokuthotyelwa okungcono.Ukongeza kokuthotyelwa, i-PEG-λ inezinye iingenelo ngaphezu kwePaxlovid.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-Paxlovid kulula ukubangela ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunye nokuchaphazela i-metabolism yezinye iziyobisi.Abantu abanezehlo eziphezulu ze-Covid-19 enzima, njengabaguli abadala kunye nezigulana ezinezifo ezinganyangekiyo, badla ngokuthatha iziyobisi ixesha elide, ke umngcipheko wePaxlovid kula maqela uphezulu kakhulu kune-PEG-λ.

Ukongeza, i-Paxlovid yi-inhibitor ejolise kwi-virus ye-proteases.Ukuba iprotease yentsholongwane iyatshintsha, iyeza lisenokungasebenzi.I-PEG-λ iphucula ukupheliswa kweentsholongwane ngokuvula ukhuseleko lomzimba, kwaye ayijoli kuyo nayiphi na intsholongwane.Ngoko ke, nokuba intsholongwane iguqukela phambili kwixesha elizayo, i-PEG-λ ilindeleke ukuba igcine ukusebenza kwayo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-FDA yathi ayiyi kugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-PEG-λ, kakhulu ukuphoxeka kwezazinzulu ezibandakanyekayo kuphononongo.U-Eiger uthi oku kungenxa yokuba uphononongo aluzange lubandakanye iziko lolingo lwezonyango lwase-US, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ulingo lwaqalwa kwaye lwaqhutywa ngabaphandi, hayi iinkampani zamachiza.Ngenxa yoko, i-PEG-λ iya kufuna ukutyala imali eninzi kunye nexesha elingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba iqaliswe e-United States.

Njengechiza le-antiviral elibanzi, i-PEG-λ ayijoli kuphela kwi-coronavirus entsha, inokuphucula ukucaciswa komzimba kolunye usulelo lwentsholongwane.I-PEG-λ ineziphumo ezinokubakho kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane, intsholongwane yokuphefumla ye-syncytial kunye nezinye ii-coronavirus.Olunye uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba iziyobisi ze-interferon, ukuba zisetyenziswe kwangoko, zinokunqanda intsholongwane ekosuleleni umzimba.UEleanor Fish, isazi ngokugonywa kwamajoni kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto eKhanada nongazange abandakanyeke kuhlolisiso lweTOGETHER, wathi: “Eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yolu hlobo lwe-interferon ibiya kuba kukuthintela izifo, ngokukodwa ukukhusela abantu abasesichengeni sokwasulelwa ngexesha lokuqhambuka.”