iindaba

Ukungena kwinkulungwane yama-21, ukuphindaphindeka, ubude bexesha, kunye nokuqina kwamaza obushushu kuye kwanda kakhulu; Ngomhla wama-21 kunye nowama-22 kule nyanga, ubushushu behlabathi bubeka irekhodi eliphezulu iintsuku ezimbini ezilandelelanayo. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokukhokelela kuthotho lwemingcipheko yempilo efana nentliziyo kunye nezifo zokuphefumla, ngakumbi kubantu ababuthathaka njengabadala, izifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokutyeba kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo okukhusela kwinqanaba lomntu kunye neqela linokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ingozi yokushisa okuphezulu kwimpilo.

Ukususela kwi-Industrial Revolution, utshintsho lwemozulu luye lwakhokelela ekunyukeni kweqondo lokushisa kwe-1.1 ° C. Ukuba ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse akuncitshiswa kakhulu, kulindeleke ukuba ubushushu behlabathi jikelele bunyuke nge-2.5-2.9 ° C ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane. I-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ifikelele kwisigqibo esicacileyo sokuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, ingakumbi ukutshiswa kwamafutha ezilwanyana zamandulo ezabiwa phantsi komhlaba, zingunobangela wokufudumala ngokubanzi kwiatmosfera, emhlabeni, nakwiilwandlekazi.

Ngaphandle kokuguquguquka, ngokubanzi, ukuphindaphinda kunye nobude bobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu buyanda, ngelixa ingqele egqithisileyo iyancipha. Iziganeko eziyintlanganisela ezifana nembalela okanye imililo yasendle eyenzeka ngaxeshanye namaza obushushu ziye zaxhaphaka, kwaye ukuphindaphindwa kwazo kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke ukwanda.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-1991 kunye ne-2018, ngaphezulu kwesinye kwisithathu sokufa okunxulumene nobushushu kumazwe angama-43, kubandakanya ne-United States, kunokubalelwa kukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-anthropogenic greenhouse.

Ukuqonda impembelelo ebanzi yobushushu obugqithisileyo kwimpilo kubalulekile ekukhokeleni unyango lwesigulane kunye neenkonzo zonyango, kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezibanzi zokunciphisa kunye nokulungelelanisa ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa. Eli nqaku lishwankathela ubungqina be-epidemiological kwiingozi zempilo ezibangelwa ukushisa okuphezulu, impembelelo egqithisileyo yokushisa okuphezulu kumaqela asengozini, kunye namanyathelo okukhusela amanqanaba omntu kunye neqela ajolise ekunciphiseni le mingcipheko.

Ukuvezwa kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nemingcipheko yempilo

Zombini kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide, ukuvezwa kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yabantu. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu achaphazela impilo ngokungangqalanga ngenxa yeemeko zokusingqongileyo ezinjengokuhla komgangatho kunye nobungakanani bezityalo kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi, kunye nokunyuka komgangatho ophantsi we-ozone. Impembelelo enkulu yobushushu obuphezulu kwimpilo iyenzeka kwiimeko zobushushu obugqithisileyo, kwaye iimpembelelo zamaqondo obushushu adlula imilinganiselo yembali kwimpilo zibonwa ngokubanzi.

Izifo eziqatha ezinxulumene nobushushu obuphezulu zibandakanya ukubetha kobushushu (amadyungudyungu amancinci, iipapules, okanye iipustules ezibangelwa kukuvaleka kwamadlala ukubila), ubushushu bobushushu (ubuhlungu obunganyanzelekanga bemisipha obubangelwa kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte ngenxa yokubila), ukudumba kwamanzi ashushu, i-syncope yobushushu (ehlala ihambelana nokuma okanye ukuguqula isimo sexesha elide ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukuphelelwa ngamandla), ukuphelelwa ngamandla kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla. ukubethwa bubushushu. Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala njengokukhathala, ubuthathaka, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, ukujuluka okukhulu, ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha, kunye nokunyuka kwe-pulse; Ubushushu bomzimba wesigulana bunokwenyuka, kodwa imeko yabo yengqondo iqhelekile. I-Heat stroke ibhekisa kutshintsho kwi-system ye-nervous system xa ubushushu bomzimba obungundoqo budlula i-40 ° C, obunokuthi buqhubele phambili ekungaphumeleli kwamalungu amaninzi kunye nokufa.

Ukuphambuka kwimimiselo yembali kwiqondo lokushisa kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukunyamezela komzimba kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamaqondo aphezulu. Omabini amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokupheleleyo (afana nama-37 ° C) kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu anxulumeneyo (afana nepesenti ezingama-99 ebalwa ngokusekwe kumaqondo obushushu embali) anokukhokelela kumazinga aphezulu okufa ngexesha lamaza obushushu. Nangaphandle kobushushu obugqithisileyo, imozulu eshushu isenokubangela ingozi kumzimba womntu.

Nokuba kunye ne-air conditioning kunye nezinye izinto ezidlala indima kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa, sisondela kwimida yokuguquguquka kwengqondo kunye nentlalo. Inqaku elibalulekileyo libandakanya ukukwazi kweziseko zombane ezikhoyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokupholisa kwixesha elide, kunye neendleko zokwandisa iziseko zophuhliso ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno.

Umngcipheko ophezulu wabantu

Zomibini i-susceptibility (izinto zangaphakathi) kunye nobungozi (izinto zangaphandle) zinokutshintsha impembelelo yokushisa okuphezulu kwimpilo. Amaqela eentlanga ezingasiwa so okanye imeko ephantsi yentlalo-ntle yeyona nto iphambili echaphazela umngcipheko, kodwa ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko weempembelelo ezingalunganga zempilo, kubandakanya ukubekwa wedwa ekuhlaleni, ubudala obugqithisileyo, ukugula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza. Izigulane ezinentliziyo, i-cerebrovascular, izifo zokuphefumla okanye zezintso, isifo seswekile kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunye nezigulane ezithatha i-diuretics, iziyobisi ezichasayo, ezinye iziyobisi zentliziyo, ezinye iziyobisi zengqondo, i-antihistamines kunye nezinye iziyobisi, ziya kuba nomngcipheko ophezulu wezifo ezinxulumene ne-hyperthermia.

Iimfuno zexesha elizayo kunye nezalathiso
Kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uphando olongezelelweyo ukuqonda iingenelo zokuthintela ubushushu bomntu kunye noluntu ekuhlaleni, njengoko amanyathelo amaninzi aneenzuzo ze-synergistic, njengeepaki kunye nezinye iindawo eziluhlaza ezinokunyusa imisebenzi yezemidlalo, ukuphucula impilo yengqondo, kunye nokubambisana koluntu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ingxelo esemgangathweni yokulimala okuhambelana nokushisa, kubandakanywa neekhowudi ze-International Classification of Diseases (ICD), ukubonakalisa imiphumo engathanga ngqo yokushisa okuphezulu kwimpilo, kunokuba iziphumo ezithe ngqo.

Okwangoku akukho nkcazelo yamkelwe kwihlabathi jikelele yokusweleka okunxulumene namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izibalo ezicacileyo nezichanekileyo malunga nezifo ezinxulumene nobushushu kunye nokufa zinokunceda uluntu kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo babeke phambili umthwalo wezempilo ohambelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuphuhlisa izisombululo. Ukongezelela, izifundo ze-longitudinal cohort ziyafuneka ukuze kugqitywe ngcono iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo zamaqondo okushisa aphezulu kwimpilo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zemimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye nabemi, kunye neendlela zexesha lokuziqhelanisa.

Kuyimfuneko ukwenza uphando lwamacandelo amaninzi ukuze kuqondwe ngcono iimpembelelo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwimpilo kwaye kuchongwe izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokuphucula ukomelela, njengamanzi kunye neenkqubo zogutyulo, amandla, ezothutho, ezolimo, kunye nokucwangciswa kwedolophu. Ingqwalasela eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kumaqela aphezulu asemngciphekweni (afana noluntu lwebala, abantu abafumana imivuzo ephantsi, kunye nabantu abaphuma kumaqela ahlukeneyo asemngciphekweni omkhulu), kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokuziqhelanisa kufuneka zenziwe.
Ukuqukumbela
Utshintsho lwemozulu luhlala luphakamisa amaqondo obushushu kunye nokwandisa ukuphindaphinda, ubude, kunye nobukhulu bamaza obushushu, okukhokelela kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezimbi. Ukusasazwa kwezi mpembelelo zikhankanywe ngasentla akulunganga, kwaye abanye abantu kunye namaqela bachatshazelwa ngokukodwa. Kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokungenelela kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ejolise kwiindawo ezithile kunye nabemi ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yokushisa okuphezulu kwimpilo.