iindaba

Ngo-2024, umlo wehlabathi ochasene nentsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV) ube namahla ndinyuka. Inani labantu abafumana unyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART) kunye nokufikelela kuxinzelelo lwentsholongwane likwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukubhubha kukaGawulayo kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi labo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini. Nangona kunjalo, nangona olu phuhliso lukhuthazayo, iiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDGS) zokuphelisa i-HIV njengesongelo sempilo yoluntu ngo-2030 azikho endleleni. Okukhathazayo kukuba, ubhubhani we-AIDS usaqhubeka nokusasazeka phakathi kwabantu abathile. Ngokutsho kwengxelo ye-UNAIDS 2024 yoSuku lwe-AIDS kwiHlabathi Jikelele, iNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngeHIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), amazwe asithoba sele efikelele usukelo lwe-“95-95-95″ ngo-2025 olufunekayo ukuze kupheliswe ubhubhani we-AIDS ngo-2030, yaye alishumi asele ekulungele ukwenjenjalo. Kweli xesha linzima, iinzame zokulawula iHIV kufuneka zibe nocelomngeni olukhulu kunyaka ngamnye. ngo-2023. Iinzame zothintelo kwezinye iindawo ziye zaphelelwa ngamandla kwaye kufuneka ziphinde ziqwalaselwe ukubuyisela umva ukuhla.

Uthintelo lwe-HIV olusebenzayo lufuna indibaniselwano yeendlela zokuziphatha, zebhayoloji, kunye nezakhiwo, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ART ukucinezela intsholongwane, ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom, iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngeenaliti, imfundo, kunye nohlaziyo lomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kuye kwanciphisa usulelo olutsha kwabanye abantu, kodwa i-PrEP ibe nempembelelo encinci kwabasetyhini kunye namantombazana afikisayo empuma nakumazantsi e-Afrika ajongene nomthwalo ophezulu we-HIV. Isidingo sokutyelelwa rhoqo eklinikhi kunye namayeza emihla ngemihla sinokuthoba kwaye kube nzima. Abasetyhini abaninzi bayoyika ukuxela ukusetyenziswa kwe-PrEP kumaqabane abo asondelene nabo, kwaye ubunzima bokufihla iipilisi kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-PrEP. Ulingo olubalulekileyo olupapashwe kulo nyaka lubonise ukuba iinaliti ezimbini ezingaphantsi kwe-HIV-1 ze-capsid inhibitor lenacapavir ngonyaka zisebenze kakhulu ekuthinteleni usulelo lwe-HIV kwabasetyhini kunye namantombazana eMzantsi Afrika nase-Uganda (iimeko ezi-0 nge-100 leminyaka yomntu; Isiganeko sangasemva somlomo we-oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil disoproxil disoproxil 10011 / 10101 persons / 10011 persons cases / 10101 fumarate yonke imihla. Kuvavanyo lwamadoda e-cisgender kunye nabantu abohlukeneyo ngokwesini kumazwekazi amane, iLenacapavir enikwa kabini ngonyaka ibe nefuthe elifanayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango lothintelo oluthatha ixesha elide kukunciphisa ngokubonakalayo usulelo olutsha lwe-HIV, kufuneka lufikeleleke kwaye lufikeleleke kubantu abasengozini enkulu. I-Gilead, umenzi we-lenacapavir, utyikitye isivumelwano neenkampani ezintandathu zase-Egypt, e-Indiya, ePakistan nase-United States zokuthengisa iinguqulelo zamayeza enziwe afana nalawo aveliswe ngabenzi beLenacapavir kumazwe ali-120 aphantsi – naphakathi anengeniso esezantsi. Ngokuxhomekeka kumhla wokuqalisa kwesivumelwano, iGiliyadi iza kubonelela ngelenacapavir ngexabiso elinguziro lenzuzo kumazwe ali-18 anowona mthwalo uphezulu we-HIV. Ukuqhuba utyalo-mali kumanyathelo othintelo aqinisekisiweyo aqinisekisiweyo kubalulekile, kodwa kukho ubunzima. INgxowa-mali kaMongameli kaMongameli eNgxamisekileyo yoNcedo lwe-AIDS (PEPFAR) kunye neGlobal Fund kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngabathengi abakhulu beLenacapavir. Kodwa ngoMatshi, inkxaso-mali yePEPFAR yaphinda yagunyaziswa unyaka omnye kuphela, endaweni yesiqhelo emihlanu, kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba ihlaziywe lulawulo lukaTrump olungenayo. I-Global Fund nayo iza kujongana nemingeni yenkxaso-mali njengoko ingena kumjikelo wayo olandelayo wokuzalisa ngo-2025.

Kwi-2023, usulelo olutsha lwe-HIV kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara luya kugqithwa yiminye imimandla okokuqala, ngokukodwa iMpuma Yurophu, i-Asia Ephakathi kunye neLatin America. Ngaphandle kwe-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara, uninzi losulelo olutsha lwenzeka phakathi kwamadoda alala namadoda, abantu abatofa iziyobisi, abathengisi ngemizimba kunye nabathengi babo. Kwamanye amazwe akuMbindi Merika, usulelo olutsha lweHIV luya lusanda. Ngelishwa, i-Oral PrEP iye yacotha ukuqalisa ukusebenza; Ufikelelo olungcono kumayeza othintelo asebenza ixesha elide kubalulekile. Amazwe anengeniso ephakathi-ephakathi anje ngePeru, eBrazil, eMexico, nase-Ecuador, angalufanelanga uguqulelo lwegeneric yeLenacapavir kwaye angalufanelanga uncedo lweGlobal Fund, akanazo izixhobo zokuthenga ixabiso elipheleleyo lelenacapavir (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$44,000 ngonyaka, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-100 yeedola zokuvelisa ngobuninzi). Isigqibo se-Gilead sokukhuphela ngaphandle amazwe amaninzi anengeniso ephakathi kwizivumelwano zamaphepha-mvume, ingakumbi lawo abandakanyeka kulingo lwe-Lenacapavir kunye nokuvela kwakhona kwe-HIV, siya kuba sibi kakhulu.

Nangona iinzuzo zempilo, abantu abaphambili baqhubeka bejongene nokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu, ibala, ucalucalulo, imithetho yezohlwayo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Le mithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo iyabatyhafisa abantu ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwiinkonzo ze-HIV. Nangona inani labantu ababulawa nguGawulayo lehlile ukususela ngo-2010, abantu abaninzi basekwinqanaba eliphezulu likaGawulayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni ngokungeyomfuneko. Inkqubela phambili yenzululwazi iyodwa ayinakwanela ukuphelisa iHIV njengesisongelo kwimpilo yoluntu; olu lukhetho lwezopolitiko kunye nemali. Indlela esekelwe kumalungelo oluntu edibanisa impendulo yebhayoloji, yokuziphatha kunye nesakhiwo iyafuneka ukunqanda ubhubhane we-HIV/AIDS kube kanye.