iindaba

Ealry kule nyanga, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ubhengeze ukuba iimeko zemonkeypox ziye zanda kwi-Democratic Republic of Congo (i-DRC) kunye namazwe aliqela ase-Afrika, ezenza imeko yezempilo yoluntu engxamisekileyo yenkxalabo yehlabathi.
Kwangoko kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo, intsholongwane yemonkeypox yamkelwa njengemeko kaxakeka yezempilo yoluntu jikelele ngenxa yokusasazeka kumazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya neTshayina, apho intsholongwane yayingazange ixhaphake ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngoMeyi ka-2023, njengoko iimeko zehlabathi zaqhubeka zisehla, le meko yonxunguphalo yaphakanyiswa.
Intsholongwane yemonkeypox iphinde yabetha kwakhona, kwaye nangona kungakhange kubekho matyala e-China okwangoku, amabango achukumisayo okuba intsholongwane isasazwa ngokulunywa ziingcongconi azalise amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo aseTshayina.
Ziziphi izizathu ezibangela isilumkiso sika-WHO? Yeyiphi imikhwa emitsha kulo bhubhani?
Ngaba uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane yemonkeypox luza kusasazwa ngamathontsi kunye neengcongconi?

Ziziphi iimpawu zeklinikhi zemonkeypox?
Ngaba kukho isitofu sokugonya ukuthintela inkawu kunye neyeza lokuyinyanga?
Abantu bafanele bazikhusele njani?

Kutheni ifumana ingqalelo kwakhona?
Okokuqala, kuye kwakho ukwanda okubalulekileyo kunye nokukhawulezayo kwiimeko ezixeliweyo zemonkeypox kulo nyaka. Nangona ukwenzeka okuqhubekayo kwamatyala e-monkeypox e-DRC iminyaka emininzi, inani lamatyala axeliweyo kweli lizwe liye landa kakhulu ngo-2023, kwaye inani lamatyala ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo nyaka ligqithile kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kunye neemeko ezingaphezu kwe-15600, kuquka ukufa kwe-537. Intsholongwane yeMonkeypox inamasebe amabini ofuzo, I kunye ne-II. Idatha ekhoyo ibonisa ukuba iimpawu zeklinikhi ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-monkeypox yesebe e-DRC zinzima kakhulu kunezo zibangelwa yi-2022 yobunzima besifo. Okwangoku, ubuncinci amazwe ali-12 aseAfrika axele iimeko zemonkeypox, kunye neSweden kunye neThailand zombini zixela iimeko zemonkeypox.

Okwesibini, amatyala amatsha abonakala eqatha. Kukho iingxelo zokuba izinga lokufa kwentsholongwane ye-monkeypox yesebe I usulelo luphezulu njenge-10%, kodwa ingcali evela kwi-Belgian Institute of Tropical Medicine ikholelwa ukuba i-cumulative case data kule minyaka i-10 idlulileyo ibonisa ukuba izinga lokufa kwesebe I kuphela 3%, nto leyo efana nezinga lokufa kosulelo lwesebe II. Nangona i-virus ye-monkeypox esanda kufunyanwa yesebe i-Ib inokudluliselwa komntu kumntu kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezithile, idatha ye-epidemiological kweli sebe ilinganiselwe kakhulu, kwaye i-DRC ayikwazi ukubeka esweni ngokufanelekileyo ukuhanjiswa kwentsholongwane kunye nokulawula ubhubhane ngenxa yeminyaka yemfazwe kunye nentlupheko. Abantu abasaqondi kakuhle olona lwazi lusisiseko lwentsholongwane, njengomahluko kwi-pathogenicity phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo entsholongwane.
Emva kokubhengeza kwakhona intsholongwane ye-monkeypox njengengxakeko yezempilo yoluntu kwinkxalabo yamazwe ngamazwe, i-WHO inokomeleza kwaye iququzelele intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi ekukhuthazeni ukufikelela kugonyo, izixhobo zokuxilonga, kunye nokudibanisa izibonelelo zemali ukuphumeza ngcono ukukhusela nokulawula ubhubhane.
Iimpawu ezintsha zobhubhane
Intsholongwane yeMonkeypox inamasebe amabini ofuzo, I kunye ne-II. Phambi kowama-2023, i-IIb yayiyeyona ntsholongwane iphambili eyayixhaphakile kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kubangele phantse iimeko ezingama-96000 kwaye ubuncinci be-184 basweleka kumazwe ali-116. Ukususela ngo-2023, ukuqhambuka okuphambili kwe-DRC kuye kwavela kwisebe le-Ia, malunga ne-20000 yeemeko ezikrokrelwayo ze-monkeypox zixelwe; Phakathi kwabo, amatyala angama-975 ekurhanelwa ukuba abulawa yimonkeypox, uninzi lwabantwana abaneminyaka eli-15 nangaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane ye-monkeypox esanda kufunyanwa Ⅰ b isebe ngoku isasazeke kumazwe amane ase-Afrika, kuquka i-Uganda, i-Kenya, i-Burundi ne-Rwanda, kunye ne-Sweden ne-Thailand, amazwe amabini angaphandle kwe-Afrika.
Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi
I-monkeypox inokosulela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, ngokuqhelekileyo kwizigaba ezithathu: ixesha elifihlakeleyo, ixesha le-prodromal, kunye nexesha le-rash. I-avareji yexesha lokufukamela kwiinkawu esandula ukosuleleka ziintsuku ezili-13 (uluhlu, iintsuku ezi-3-34). Isigaba seprodromal sithatha iintsuku ezi-1-4 kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sibonakaliswe ngumkhuhlane ophezulu, intloko ebuhlungu, ukukhathala, kunye nokwandiswa kwe-lymph node, ngakumbi entanyeni nangaphezulu. Ukwandiswa kwe-lymph node luphawu lwemonkeypox oluyahlula kwinkukhu. Ngethuba lexesha lokuqhuma elithatha iintsuku eziyi-14-28, izilonda zesikhumba zihanjiswa ngendlela ye-centrifugal kwaye zihlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amaninzi: i-macules, i-papules, i-blisters, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-pustules. Isilonda sesikhumba sinzima kwaye siqinile, sinemida ecacileyo kunye nokudandatheka phakathi.
Izilonda zolusu ziya kukhwehlela kwaye ziphalale, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho umbala ongonelanga kwindawo ehambelana nayo emva kokuphalala, kulandele i-pigmentation egqithisileyo. Izilonda zolusu zesigulana zisusela kumawaka ambalwa ukuya kumawaka aliqela, ubukhulu becala ezisebusweni, esiqwini, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Izilonda zesikhumba zivame ukuvela kwiintende kunye neenyawo zeenyawo, nto leyo ibonakaliso ye-monkeypox eyahlukileyo kwinkukhu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke izilonda zolusu zikwinqanaba elifanayo, enye into ebonisa ukwahlula i-monkeypox kwezinye izifo zesikhumba zempawu ezifana nerhashalala. Izigulane zihlala zifumana ukurhawuzelelwa kunye neentlungu zemisipha. Ubunzima beempawu kunye nobude besifo buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobuninzi bezilonda zesikhumba. Esi sifo sinzima kakhulu kubantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Imonkeypox ihlala inekhosi yokuzibekela umda, kodwa ihlala ishiya ngasemva inkangeleko embi efana neziva ebusweni.

Indlela yothumelo
Imonkeypox sisifo se-zoonotic, kodwa uqhambuko lwangoku lusasazeka phakathi kwabantu ngokunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nezigulana zemonkeypox. Uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo lubandakanya ulusu esikhumbeni (njengokuphatha okanye ukuzibandakanya kwizenzo zesondo) kunye nomlomo ukuya emlonyeni okanye emlonyeni ukuya kuqhagamshelwano lwesikhumba (njengokuncamisa), kunye nokujongana ubuso nobuso kunye nezigulana zemonkeypox (ezifana nokuthetha okanye ukuphefumla ngokusondeleyo enye kwenye, enokuthi ivelise amasuntswana okuphefumula okuphefumlayo). Okwangoku, akukho phando lubonisa ukuba ukulunywa yingcongconi kunokusasaza intsholongwane yemonkeypox, kwaye ukuqwalasela ukuba intsholongwane ye-monkeypox kunye nentsholongwane ye-smallpox yeyohlobo olufanayo lwe-orthopoxvirus, kwaye intsholongwane ye-smallpox ayinako ukudluliselwa ngeengcongconi, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukusasazwa kwentsholongwane yemonkeypox ngeengcongconi kuphantsi kakhulu. Intsholongwane yemonkeypox inokuqhubeka ixesha elithile empahleni, iibhedi, iitawuli, izinto, izixhobo zombane, kunye nendawo apho abaguli bemonkeypox baye badibana nayo. Abanye basenokosuleleka xa bedibana nezi zinto, ingakumbi ukuba banamanxeba okanye baqhawuke, okanye babambe amehlo, impumlo, umlomo okanye ezinye iinwebu ngaphambi kokuba bahlambe izandla zabo. Emva kokudibana nezinto ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke, ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokucoca izandla, kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo olunjalo. Intsholongwane inokudluliselwa kwi-fetus ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye idluliselwe ngokudibana kwesikhumba ekuzalweni okanye emva kokuzalwa. Abantu abadibana ngokwasemzimbeni nezilwanyana ezithwele le ntsholongwane, ezinje ngonomatse, nabo banokosulelwa yimonkeypox. Ukubonakaliswa okubangelwa kukudibana komzimba nezilwanyana okanye inyama kunokwenzeka ngokulunywa okanye ukukrweleka, okanye ngexesha lemisetyenzana efana nokuzingela, ukuxobula ulusu, ukubambisa, okanye ukulungiselela izidlo. Ukutya inyama enentsholongwane engakhange iphekwe kakuhle nako kunokukhokelela kusulelo lwentsholongwane.
Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
Nabani na ononxibelelwano olusondeleyo nezigulana ezineempawu zemonkeypox unokosulelwa yintsholongwane yemonkeypox, kubandakanya abasebenzi bezempilo kunye namalungu osapho. Amajoni akhusela abantwana asakhula, kwaye adlala kwaye anxibelelane ngokusondeleyo. Ukongezelela, abanalo ithuba lokufumana isitofu sokugonya i-smallpox, esayekwa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, ngoko ke umngcipheko wosulelo uphezulu. Ukongeza, abantu abanokusebenza komzimba okuphantsi, kubandakanywa nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, bajongwa njengabantu abasengozini enkulu.
Unyango kunye noGonyo
Okwangoku akukho machiza akhoyo okunyanga intsholongwane yemonkeypox, ngoko ke elona qhinga lonyango lunyango oluxhasayo, olubandakanya ukhathalelo lwerhashalala, ulawulo lweentlungu, kunye nothintelo lweengxaki. Izitofu ezimbini zokugonya i-monkeypox zamkelwe yi-WHO kodwa azikasungulwa eTshayina. Zonke zizitofu zokugonya zentsholongwane yengqakaqha kwisizukulwana sesithathu. Ngokungabikho kwezi zitofu zimbini, i-WHO ikwavumile ukusetyenziswa kwesitofu sokugonya se-smallpox esiphuculweyo i-ACAM2000. UGao Fu, isifundiswa seZiko leMicrobiology yeZiko leeSayensi zaseTshayina, upapashe umsebenzi kwiNature Immunology ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ecebisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya "ezimbini kwenye" ​​yentsholongwane yemonkeypox eyilwe yi-multi epitope chimerism isicwangciso esikhokelwa sisakhiwo se-antigen inokukhusela iintsholongwane ezimbini ezosulelayo kunye nentsholongwane yentsholongwane engathathi hlangothi. Intsholongwane yemonkeypox iphinda-phindwe ngama-28 kugonyo lwemveli oluncitshisiweyo oluphilayo, olunokuthi lubonelele ngenkqubo yesitofu esikhuselekileyo nesinokwehla sokuthintela nokulawula intsholongwane yemonkeypox. Iqela lisebenzisana neShanghai Junshi Biotechnology Company ukuqhubela phambili uphando ngogonyo kunye nophuhliso.